Written by Martin Ågren - March 17, 2025
Essay - "a-machine" (automatic machine) - later: "Turing machine" - Laid the foundation for modern computers and thus AI.
Science fiction writer Isaac Asimov describes thinking robots and their three laws - The laws became more famous due to his 1950 short story collection - Simplified: 1: Do not harm a human. 2: Obey a human. 3: Robot protects itself. Rule 1 takes precedence, etc.
Essay: Idea of artificial neural networks (but not yet called that).
Can a machine converse as well as a human?
The term "Artificial Intelligence" is coined by John McCarthy for the Dartmouth Conference in 1956.
Conference on AI at Dartmouth.
One of the first chatbots (possibly the first) - Scientific article about Eliza published in 1966.
Sweden's first AI professor.
"IBM Deep Blue" defeats chess champion Garry Kasparov - (They also played in 1996, but Kasparov won then).
Advancements in classification (e.g., facial recognition, classification of X-ray images).
The computer "IBM Watson" wins Jeopardy against human champions.
Insight: GPUs are highly suitable for DNNs (Deep Neural Networks). AlexNet (a CNN: Convolutional Neural Network) won the ImageNet competition by a wide margin (best at correctly classifying images).
AlphaGo defeats world champion Lee Sedol in the game of Go - (In 2015, AlphaGo defeated a professional Go player but not the world champion).
"Attention is all you need" - Transformer architecture: Training of LLMs - 7 researchers who worked at "Google Brain," one of Google's research labs.
GPT-2 is launched by OpenAI.
GPT-3 is launched - Gains significant attention in the research community.
ChatGPT is released on November 30 - A major AI hype begins.
The EU adopts the world's first AI legislation in 2024, which comes into effect later that year.
ML & NN - John Hopfield & Geoffrey Hinton